Climatic factors and resource availability can constitute extreme environments, and among them, water availability, temperature and irradiation are most important. We have shown that accumulation of sugars in specific cellular compartments is a prerequisite of acclimation to low [....] » Read More
RNA interference (RNAi) involves small naturally occurring molecules of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting genes for expression knockdown by recognition of the target gene messenger RNA (mRNA) and interfering with the translation into protein. In this way, plant genes can be t [....] » Read More
The multibillion dollar micropropagation industry is now well accepted in many countries of the world for commercial propagation of various plant species. Fruits and vegetables are very rich in health-promoting bioactive components. Although significant progress has been ac [....] » Read More
Seagrass is a group of flowering plants that live in shallow sheltered areas along the UK coastline where they form dense green meadows under the sea. It is one of the most significant sources of coastal primary production and it provides a critical habitat for juvenile reef fish [....] » Read More
Phosphorous is a vital element for plant growth and is a structural component of phospholipid cell membranes, nucleic acids, ATP etc. However it can be relatively difficult for plants to access the phosphorous they need from soil. This is due to phosphorous generally having [....] » Read More
RNA silencing (also known as RNA interference, RNAi) is a conserved and integral aspect of gene regulation mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs) that direct gene-silencing on the level of transcription but also post-transcriptionally. At the transcriptional level, gene expression is inh [....] » Read More
Epigenetic inheritance is a rapidly growing field of Modern Biology, in particular, of Plant Genetics. However, all fundamental genetic concepts are still based on the hereditary role of DNA, thus resulting in multiple contradictions and terminological confusions. Moreover, only [....] » Read More
Plants had to constantly deal with several environmental factors such as biotic and abiotic stresses, which can alter the oxidative metabolism and photosynthetic efficiency thus affecting plant growth and development. Despite remarkable phenotypic and metabolic differences of def [....] » Read More
Vitaceae, also known as Grape family has many plants with dietery, medicinal, and industrial significance. Some important medicinal plants of the family include, Cissus quadrangularis, Cissus repanda, Cayratia trifolia, Ampelocissus latifolia , all having various health benefits [....] » Read More
Cold is one of the critical environmental conditions that negatively affects plant growth and development. STRP is an A. thaliana poorly characterized protein identified in a proteomic screen of temperature stress-responsive proteins. Here we studied the role of this protein in t [....] » Read More
Plants as sessile organisms are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses that simultaneously occur under natural environmental conditions. Studies deciphering acclimation of plants to stress combinations are however still scarce. Here, we report the characteristics of Arabidopsis mut [....] » Read More
JK Paper Ltd. Unit: CPM, Fort: Songadh, India was earlier has put in pioneering efforts and working with the farming communities in Gujarat and Maharashtra states of India for meeting its raw material requirement by promoting short rotation pulpwood plantations on their farm [....] » Read More
How much do the two populations differ from Mill (1982)’s and Mennema (1989)’s descriptions and each other, morphologically? According to Flora of Turkey, Mill (1982) recorded that L. microphyllum and L. sandrasicum are endemic alpine speci [....] » Read More
Halophytic wild turf grasses Salinity stress is one of the most significant limiting factors in agricultural crop productivity. Hence, improving the salt tolerance of crops is essential for sustainable food production. Halophytes are widely spread over higher plant famili [....] » Read More
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a sophisticated mechanism for pollen selectivity to prevent self- fertilisation and is genetically regulated by two genes located in S-locus. S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) and S-locus cysteine rich protein (SCR) is female and male speci [....] » Read More
Using protein and DNA fingerprinting to study genetic diversity among cultivars may provide useful information to plant breeders. Sixteen accessions of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) collected from different locations across Nigeria were assessed for variability based on [....] » Read More
The following points will be discussed • Economic importance of parasitic weeds Orobanche spp. • Problems that face faba bean crop in Egypt. • Biological control of Orobanche spp. • Resistant faba bean cultivars to Orobanche infection and sowing dates • I [....] » Read More
Tectona grandis L.F. (teak) is a tree species native to India, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos People’s Democratic Republic1 although it was moved outside of its natural occurrence to several countries in Africa and America during the past century2. Teak is a very recognized tim [....] » Read More
By definition, the critical timing for weed removal (CTWR) is the maximum amount of time early season weed competition can be tolerated by the crop before the crop becomes subject to an irrevocable yield reduction. The concept of CTWR has been shown to be useful tool for determin [....] » Read More
In plants, RNA silencing strategies have the potential to protect host plants against predation or infection by pathogens and pests mediated by lethal RNA silencing signals generated in planta (Koch et al. 2013). In addition to the generation of RNA silencing signals&nb [....] » Read More
Various direct and indirect methods are used to determine the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in plants. Among direct methods, the most widely used ones are the spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll, after its extraction with various solvents. The disadvantage of [....] » Read More
Dry cured meat products are the oldest form of processed meat and very popular food around the world where different cultures contribute to their texture, flavor, and safety. The production of dry-cured meat products goes back thousands of years because it was quickly discovered [....] » Read More
An investigation was carried out between March to June, 2019, to identify superior genotypes of the fruits of Theichhungsen (Haematocarpus validus (Miers.) Bakh. F. ex. Forman), which is a potential source of natural food colour, from the state of Mizoram, North East India. The f [....] » Read More
Urban gardening probably exists since the founding of cities, and its revival could be the key to sustainable cities of the future, but also for a sustainable future on Earth. Urban organic gardening is not a relic of the past. It is an integral part of the urban system of the hu [....] » Read More
Rice is consumed as a staple cereal crop by more than 3.2 billion people worldwide. But the constraint lies in the fact that rice cultivation requires about 35-43% of the world’s total irrigation. Due to global climatic changes, abiotic stress factors like drought and soil [....] » Read More
Pomegranate is one of the important commercial fruit crops of India, known for its high nutritive and remunerative value. Cultivation of pomegranate is severely affected by bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axanopodis pv punicae (Xap). Under epidemic condition bacterial blig [....] » Read More
The following points will be discussed • Concept and Principle of Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration • Production of novel inap Brassica napus CMS via somatic fusion with Chinese woad • Development of a restorer for inap CMS through genetic introg [....] » Read More
s one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world, cancer is a complex disease with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The mortality rate of cancer is equal to its incidence rate and the prognosis is poor. So far, due to serious side effects and increasing dru [....] » Read More
The temperature over the globe has been rising due to global warming. Much like Europe, Korean peninsula is suffering from severe heat wave recently. In South Korea, average summer temperature for recent 5-year (Jul-Aug, 2014-2018) was 25.1o C,which is 0.9o C higher compared to t [....] » Read More
Ridge Gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.] It is commercial crop in the south and east India and commonly grown all over India particularly in states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Konkan region of Maharashtra, Assam, West Bengal and Karnataka. It gives good yields up t [....] » Read More
lant microRNAs (miRNAs) control entangled gene regulatory networks and have been implicated in important developmental switches as well as in different stress responses. Adverse climatic conditions like high temperature, water deficit, osmotic imbalance, etc., negatively affect a [....] » Read More
Wheat is one of the most important cereals for global food security and has been targeted for yield improvement for decades. Understanding the underlying physiological and molecular processes of crop plants is critical to improving photosynthetic efficiency. In our study, we inve [....] » Read More
owadays, environmental contamination by metal (loid) s is a major problem worldwide and poses severe scientific challenges. Metal (loid) s are natural constituents of the environment, but indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical b [....] » Read More
Ustilago maydis, the causative agent of corn smut disease, infects one of the most important crops worldwide – Zea mays. To successfully colonize its host U. maydis secretes proteins, known as effectors, that suppress plant defense responses and facilitate the establishment [....] » Read More
In the recent years, the presence of pharmaceutical products in the environment is known under the name of “emerging contaminants” and is among the most important environmental concern at world level. Among the environmentally emerging contaminants are included the no [....] » Read More
I nsecticide resistance is the global problem in the production of agricultural crops which is particular important in greenhouses production where producers do not have adequate solutions in pest control. Two the most important pests in greenhouse vegetable production, western f [....] » Read More
Rice is consumed as a staple cereal crop by more than 3.2 billion people worldwide. But the constraint lies in the fact that rice cultivation requires about 35-43% of the world’s total irrigation. Due to global climatic changes, abiotic stress factors like drought and soil [....] » Read More
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), an important fruit crop of India, is commercially cultivated in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Pomegranate is affected by many serious diseases, among them pomegranate wilt disease caused [....] » Read More
Black root (BR), a main serious disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), is caused by the bacterial Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. To identify QTLs for resistance to BR, we constructed a cabbage genetic map using 303 SSR markers with an average interval of 2.77cM based [....] » Read More
eat stress can seriously impact on yield production or quality of crops. Many studies uncovered the molecular mechanisms that regulate heat stress responses in plants. Nevertheless, detailed morphological changes of heat treated plants were still not extensively studied. In this [....] » Read More
Heterosis is a complex biological phenomenon in which hybrids exhibit superior phenotypic characteristics, such as enhanced biomass production, developmental rates, grain yields and stress tolerance. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) is a major edible leafy-producing crop, and its [....] » Read More
enome editing offers great advantage to reveal gene function and generate agronomically important mutations to crops. Here, we report the genome of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, AA genome, 2n=20), an important leafy crop, can also be precisely edited by CRISPR [....] » Read More
hoot branching is a complex quantitative trait that contributes to plant architecture and ultimately yield, yet the genetic control of shoot branching in Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis remains poorly understood. In this study, a major QTL for shoot branching, designated shoot [....] » Read More
Peroxiredoxins are one of the enzymatic antioxidants that play a protective role against damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is a highly resistant bacterium against ionizing radiation and oxidative stress conditions. The phylogenet [....] » Read More
Various environmental and endogenous cellular stresses may lead to the generation of DNA damages ((e.g., DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)) in plant genome, which are detrimental for plant genome integrity and cell survival, if left unrepaired. Therefore, plants have evolved effici [....] » Read More
Engineering nematode resistance via in planta expression of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) having sequence homology with essential root knot nematode genes promises a comparatively more beneficial and lower risk management strategy than integrated use of nematicides, resistant crop [....] » Read More
In flowering plants, sexual reproduction is a complex and orchestrated series of events regulated by multiple processes for successful seed production, including capturing and adhesion of pollen grains onto a surface of stigmatic papilla, foot formation to strengthen pollen&ndash [....] » Read More
Plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that infect many agriculturally important crops and cause severe losses each year. Genetic resistance is considered the most effective means to control these viruses. However, extensive screening of germplasms for natural genetic [....] » Read More
“Plant blindness” among the young and the old is a major concern in many communities. Plants are critical to the future of the planet, however absent from the minds of most people. This poses a challenge to the entire field of plant sciences. The benefits of plants ar [....] » Read More
Plants are continuously faced with adverse environmental conditions, which affect the oxidative metabolism and photosynthetic efficiency, thus leading to the over-production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Despite their harmful nature, ROS also acts as powerful signalling molec [....] » Read More
Plant genome – their size – difficulties in plant genome assembling – pigeonpea genome sequencing – molecular marker development Pigeonpea – Narrow genetic base in the cultivated varieties Wild relatives of pigeonpea and the useful [....] » Read More
The loss of herbicides due to resistance threatens the future of the highly productive conservation cropping systems has been the motivation for growers to develop and adopt alternate systems. Subsequently, one of these alternative approaches, harvest weed seed control (HWSC), wa [....] » Read More
Catering the Plant metabolism through engineered microbes leads to Plant health, environmental health, animal health there by Universal health. The present report is very simple and is purely an Application oriented Technology. In this technology beneficial microor [....] » Read More
Mexico has 16 thousand hectares dedicated to the cultivation of ornamental flowers. They produced approximately 83 thousand tons by year. Given the importance of this crop, there is interest on improving the quality of roses by identifying the best cultivars and periods of produc [....] » Read More
Unique Plant Genetic Resources - unique species of Useful Plants (medicinal, aromatic, spices, dye and poisonous) are distributed in Georgia which cannot be found anywhere in the world. By today's state, many of these plants belongs to endangered species and ar [....] » Read More
Coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the main fungal disease of the crop worldwide, causing losses of 25 to 30% of production during protracted epidemics. To address this disease, several research efforts have been made aimed at understanding the pathogen, its interaction with the [....] » Read More
Excessive nitrogen fertilization has led to a widespread problem of nitrate contamination of aquifers. For example 41% of aquifers from catalan region are contaminated by nitrates. With the aim to attenuate this problem, EU announced as a priority environmental objective to decre [....] » Read More
Abiotic factors leading to drought significantly limit major agricultural crops production worldwide. Under rapid growth population and climate change, it is important to ensure food security that is mainly possible through the increase of major cereal crop productivity, includin [....] » Read More
Microbial infections are a major cause of death all around the world. This is exacerbated to the rising costs of primary healthcare and its inaccessibility especially in developing countries. Moreover, there has been an increase in microbial strains that have reduced susceptibili [....] » Read More
The crucifer Chinese woad (Isatis indigotica, 2n=14, genomes II) is an ancient dye and medicinal plant in China. Its root (Radix Isatidis) is the most common and effective natural medicine for influenza, but the genetic control of its bioactive compounds and biosynthesi [....] » Read More
How much do the populations differ from each other morphologically? The two populations in the present study correspond to P. spicatum Boiss. & Balansa var. spicatum and var. luschanii Fedde, respectively, described by Cullen (1965) in th [....] » Read More
Increase in production can be achieved through increased acreage, which means horizontal intensification; or increased productivity per unit area- which is vertical intensification. Increased productivity may be through improved cultural practices, use of good quality seeds and a [....] » Read More
The federal republic of Nepal is situated in the central Himalaya covering one third of its total length from east to west with the latitude of 26°22` to 30° 27` N and longitude of 80° 40` to 88° 12` E. It lies between two countries like China on its North and Ind [....] » Read More
The increases in world food demand due to population grow and climate change necessitates the continuous genetic improvement of crop species. Moreover, for maximal effect in perennial species, this genetic improvement must be integrated with the latest high throughput in vitro pr [....] » Read More
ovel tools are needed in order to address an important issue of how environmental pollution affects the structure and functionality of plant proteins. The impact of pollution and environmental oxidative stress, as well as heating at the molecular level have been studied by means [....] » Read More
Title : Identifying beneficial bacteria that enhance abiotic stress tolerance in horticulture crops
Michelle Jones, The Ohio State University, United States
Plant growth promoting bacteria can enhance growth and stress tolerance by improving the efficiency of nutrient uptake, producing plant growth promoting hormones, or reducing stress hormones like ethylene. Nutrient deficiencies and drought stress can have a negative impact on hor [....] » Read More
Title : Aquatic plant useful concepts to delimit tropical wetlands (Orinoco Basin case)
Anabel Rial B, Member IUCN SSC Freshwater Plant Specialist Group, Independent Consultant, Colombia
Aquatic plants are key organisms, useful to delimit and typify wetlands. In tropical floodplains, macrophytes are subject to flood pulse constantly, this driving force determin the expression of these organisms. After many years of observations, we have updated and introduced [....] » Read More
Title : The regulation of GM crops in times of gene editing
Klaus Ammann, University of Bern, Switzerland
If we want to escape years-long fruitless debates on biotechnology and biodiversity, we have to do more than just to deplore the debate full of artificial (or imagined) contrasts; the main arguments are summarized below. The debate needs a professional discursive structure and we [....] » Read More
Title : A Universal genetic switch for increasing pant yields, stress tolerance and product shelf life
Jerry Feitelson, Co-Founder/CEO of Agribody Technologies, Inc, United States
Agribody Technologies, Inc. (ATI) uses genome editing with a highly validated pair of gene targets conserved across plant species to significantly improve seed and biomass yield and increase resistance to abiotic (drought, low nutrients, crowding) and biotic (pathogen) stress, wh [....] » Read More
Title : Genome sequence of a Bacillus sp. with antimicrobial activity toward significant sorghum fungal pathogens
Enrique G M, USDA - ARS, United States
The cereal Sorghum bicolor (L.) is the fifth most important crop with a range of uses from food, feed, fodder, and recently to a potential source of biofuel. Fungi are the primary disease agents that cause significant yield losses to sorghum. Currently, fungal infecti [....] » Read More
Title : Molecular regulation of food crop and medicinal plant biochemical pathways under mineral nutrient limitations
Godson O Osuji, Prairie View A&M University, United States
Plants naturally grow in degraded soils with mineral nutrient limitations. Close to 800 million people in the world live in rural areas and rely on crop production on degraded soil to put food on their dining tables. More than 500 million smallholder farmers and gardeners produce [....] » Read More
Title : Beyond Arabidopsis: Paving the Way to Commercial Applications of Karrikin Compounds
Kenneth Tryggestad, University of Queensland, Australia
Karrikins are a family of compounds derived from charred plant materials and smoke that were discovered in 2004 as the chemical cues that stimulate germination from seed banks for many fire-following species. The most universally active and abundant compound from smoke, karrikino [....] » Read More
Title : Interpreting of Circum Euxinian (Russian Black Sea to Turkey) disjunctive distribution of sub Mediterranean pseudomaquis plant community
Arnold Gegechkori, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
An understanding of the formation of scattered patches of the Mediterranean pseudomaquis along the coastal region of the Black Sea, requires consideration of the recent geological history of the two seas. The most important crises in the recent history of the Mediterranean Sea oc [....] » Read More
Title : Long-term effect of crop-rotations on weed dynamic and glyphosate consumption in the south of Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Istilart Carolina, Institute National Agricultural Technology, Argentina
An estimated 80% of the crops are carried out under no-till systems in the south of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). Most agroecosystems have been characterized by undiversified cropping systems, where soybean is the main crop since 2004. This agricultural model tends to increa [....] » Read More
Title : Photosynthesizing while hyperaccumulating nickel: insights into the genus Odontarrhena
Ilaria Colzi, University of Florence, Italy
Nickel (Ni)-induced changes in photosynthetic activity in edaphically contrasting species of Odontarrhena were investigated. Two Ni-hyperaccumulators (O. chalcidica and O. moravensis) and one non-accumulator (O. muralis) were grown in hydroponics and exposed t [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluation of the capacity of tris(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate) iron(III) complexes to correct iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)
Maria Rangel, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Successful cultivation of crops with the best nutritional properties is an issue of paramount importance in the Agricultural and Health fields. Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants and legumes are one of the major sources of Fe in human diet. However the absorption of Fe [....] » Read More
Title : Attempts to explain incompatibilities in the process of pollination and fertilization of blackberry flowers (Rubus L. subgen. Rubus)
Agnieszka Orzel, Agnieszka Orze?, Niwa Berry Breeding Ltd, Poland
Understanding the biology of flowering among studied blackberry genotypes derived from Niwa’s berry breeding program. The course of pollination and fertilization of flowers of 5 cultivars and 15 breeding clones of blackberries were examined in this study. Blackberries ar [....] » Read More
Title : Stress factors influencing androgenesis of rye
Janusz Zimny, National Research Institute, Poland
The achievements of many laboratories over the last 50 years have led to the practical use of doubled haploid (DH) system in plant breeding. Today, all strategies for hybrid varieties of cereals involve the use of DH at various stages of the breeding process. DH allow the use of [....] » Read More
Title : Plant Tissue Culture in Azerbaijan
Gulnara Balakishiyeva, Grand-Agro Invitro LLC, Azerbaijan
In vitro plant propagation allows obtaining in several crops a higher reproduction rate than the classic vegetative propagation methods. Micropropagation enables vegetative production of large numbers of plantlets in a short period of time. It permits to reduce the surface of the [....] » Read More
Title : The influence of ambient temperature on the MDA and H2O2 production and antioxidant metabolism in Hedera helix leaves. One year study
Maja Diljkan, Faculty of Medicine, department of pharmacy,, Bosnia and Herzegowina
The cellular changes provoked by either high temperature or low temperature include reactions which lead to the excess accumulation of toxic compounds, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS). The consequence of ROS accumulation is oxidative stress. The main effects of ROS inclu [....] » Read More
Title : Biological management of bacterial blight of pomegranate using Bacillus subtilis based bioformulations
Pavan Kumar, Basaveshwar Engineering College, India
Pomegranate is an important commercial fruit crop of tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world, known for its rich medicinal and nutraceutical values. Productivity of pomegranate is compromised by a bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthonomas axonopodis pv. p [....] » Read More
Title : A novel beneficial endophytic bacterium-mediated plant growth promotion
Ozlem Akkaya, Gebze Technical University, Turkey
Bacterial endophytes, a group of bacteria that promote plant growth, can colonize some or a portion of the plant's internal tissues. These bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms. Previously, our research laboratory had reported that the prese [....] » Read More
Title : Effect of adenine sulphate and two growth regulators on in vitro propagation of plantain cv. Agbagba (aab)
Pamela Eloho Akinidowu, National Horticultural Research Institute, Nigeria
This study aims to establish the optimal conditions for in vitro micropropagation of plantain (Agbagba) by evaluating the synergetic effect of Adenine sulphate (AdS) on benzylaminopurine (BAP) in combination with indoleacetic acid (IAA). Apical meristem (1.5-2.0 cm) wer [....] » Read More
Title : GABA Shunt Pathway in Germinating Seeds of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Salt Stress
Nisreen A AL Quraan, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting seed germination, crops growth and productivity. In this study three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestiveum L) (Hurani75, Um Qayes and Sham1) seeds and three barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Rum, [....] » Read More
Title : Diversity of terpenes and n alkanes in Pine species chemotaxonomic implications
Biljana Nikolic, Institute of Forestry, Serbia
It is well known that the Pinus genus is the most numerous in the Pinaceae family (about 110 species) and divided into two subgenus: Strobus (with 5 needles per fascicle) and Pinus (with 2 needles per fascicle). In this study, the focus is on autocht [....] » Read More