Plant transcription factors

Plant transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences, activating or repressing genes involved in growth, development, and stress response. Major TF families in plants include MYB, bZIP, NAC, and WRKY, each linked to distinct regulatory functions. For example, MYB TFs influence pigmentation, while NAC TFs often mediate stress responses. Environmental factors such as drought, salinity, and pathogens activate specific TFs, initiating protective molecular responses. By manipulating TF genes, scientists can enhance traits like drought resistance or pest tolerance, making transcription factors central targets in crop improvement strategies.