Plant immunomodulation

Plant immunomodulation involves the dynamic mechanisms plants use to detect, respond to, and control pathogen attacks. Unlike animals, plants lack a circulatory immune system and instead rely on cell-based responses to defend themselves. When pathogens are detected via specialized receptors, plants activate a variety of defense pathways. These include the production of antimicrobial peptides, strengthening of cell walls, and even initiating programmed cell death to prevent the spread of infection. Additionally, plants can trigger systemic acquired resistance, priming distant parts of the plant for enhanced defense. Understanding these natural immune responses allows scientists to develop crops with improved resistance, ultimately reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and supporting sustainable agriculture.