Ozone impact on plant physiology

Ozone (O?) is a harmful air pollutant that significantly impacts plant physiology, leading to detrimental effects on growth and productivity. When plants are exposed to elevated levels of ozone, oxidative stress occurs, which can damage cellular structures and impair vital physiological processes, particularly photosynthesis. Symptoms of ozone damage include leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and reduced biomass, as ozone affects stomatal function and disrupts gas exchange, leading to reduced carbon uptake. Additionally, ozone exposure can alter the production of secondary metabolites, which play roles in plant defense against herbivores and pathogens. Chronic exposure to ozone not only threatens plant health but also poses a risk to agricultural productivity and food security. Research on ozone's effects on plants is crucial for identifying tolerant species and developing management practices to mitigate its impact on crops and natural ecosystems.