Molecular markers

Molecular markers are DNA sequences with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify genetic variation within and between species. They play a critical role in plant breeding, facilitating the selection of desirable traits without the need for phenotypic evaluation. Common types of molecular markers include microsatellites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). These markers are invaluable for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), which are regions of the genome associated with specific traits. Utilizing molecular markers enhances breeding efficiency, enabling the development of improved crop varieties that meet the demands of a growing global population.