Mesophyll conductance in plants

Mesophyll conductance (gm) refers to the efficiency of gas exchange within the leaf's mesophyll tissue, affecting photosynthetic carbon assimilation. High mesophyll conductance is crucial for optimizing photosynthesis, as it allows for rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the stomata to the chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. Factors influencing gm include leaf structure, cell wall properties, and the activity of aquaporins, which facilitate water movement. Recent research highlights the importance of mesophyll conductance in improving crop yields, particularly under varying environmental conditions. Understanding gm's genetic and physiological basis can guide breeding efforts to enhance photosynthetic efficiency in crops, contributing to food security.