Biological evaluation

Biological evaluation is the process of assessing the safety and efficacy of a product or substance by studying its effects on living organisms. It encompasses a wide range of techniques and processes, from determining the toxicity of a substance to assessing its effectiveness as a drug or food supplement. Biological evaluation helps to identify potential risks and benefits of a product or substance, as well as its potential for adverse effects on the environment or human health. The process of biological evaluation begins with the identification of the target organism and the characteristics that must be monitored to assess safety and efficacy. This includes the identification of endpoints, such as mortality, growth, or reproductive success that can provide insight into the effects of the product or substance under study. Once the endpoints have been determined, the next step is to identify the appropriate experimental methodology. This may involve in vitro or in vivo testing, or a combination of both. In vitro testing is usually conducted in laboratory settings, in which cell cultures, organs, or other biological material can be exposed to varying concentrations of the substance being studied. This allows researchers to measure the effects of the substance on various biological systems. In vivo testing, on the other hand is done in living organisms such as animals or humans.