Abiotic stress

Environmental stress known as "abiotic stress" is brought on by non-living environmental elements such temperature, light, water, wind, and soil conditions. Abiotic stress has grown to be a key area of study in plant physiology and crop production since it can be a significant factor restricting crop growth and development. Extreme weather conditions like drought, heat, cold, and salinity can cause abiotic stressors, as can environmental factors like air pollution, soil alkalinity, and soil acidity. Abiotic stress can affect a plant's development and metabolism, lowering yields and lowering the quality of agricultural outputs. To deal with abiotic stress, plants have developed a number of adaptation methods, including adjustments to their photosynthesis, metabolism, and water relations. By increasing the quantity and size of chloroplasts, the pigment content, and/or the ratio of light absorption to light utilisation, photosynthesis can be modified. Root growth, leaf area, and stomatal conductance can all alter as a result of metabolic responses to abiotic stress. To combat abiotic stress, plants can also store water and energy.