Induced systemic resistance in plants

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a plant defense mechanism activated in response to pathogen attack or environmental stress. This process enhances the plant's overall resistance to subsequent infections and stresses through the systemic signaling of defense-related genes. ISR can be triggered by beneficial microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which stimulate the plant's immune response without causing disease. The signaling pathways involved in ISR often overlap with those activated by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, key hormones in plant defense. By understanding ISR, researchers can develop sustainable agricultural practices that leverage natural plant defenses, improving crop resilience and reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. Enhancing ISR can significantly contribute to sustainable agriculture and food security in the face of increasing biotic and abiotic stresses.