Title : Taxonomic diversity, conservation status, and ethnobotanical insights of Caesalpinioideae r.br. (Leguminosae) in Uttar Pradesh: A micromorphological and sem-based approach
Abstract:
The subfamily Caesalpinioideae R.Br. (Leguminosae) is a significant component of the flora of Uttar Pradesh, India, contributing to both biodiversity and local livelihoods. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the taxonomic diversity, conservation status, micromorphological features, and ethnobotanical uses of Caesalpinioideae taxa in the region. A total of 50 taxa belonging to 21 genera have been reported, reflecting a considerable diversity within the subfamily. The taxonomic analysis involves both field surveys and herbarium studies, alongside consultation with relevant floristic literature. Senna Mill. is found to be the most diverse genus in the study area. The conservation status of the documented species has also been assessed using GeoCAT, revealing one species classified as critically endangered, one as endangered, and several others that fall into the vulnerable category. The conservation concerns highlight the need for urgent action to safeguard these species and their habitats in light of anthropogenic pressures and habitat loss. A key component of the study includes the micromorphological examination of leaf structures, conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM analysis reveals valuable insights into the fine details of leaf architecture, shape of their epidermal cells, trichomes, including stomatal types and arrangements. Additionally, the study also focuses on the stomatal index, providing a quantitative approach to understanding the physiological adaptations of these species to their environments. This micromorphological data adds a new dimension to the taxonomy of Caesalpinioideae, which has often been underrepresented in such studies. The SEM imaging also highlights the variation in leaf surface features, which could prove useful for future taxonomic classifications within the subfamily. In parallel, an ethnobotanical survey has also been conducted to document the traditional knowledge associated with the Caesalpinioideae species. Local interviews held with indigenous communities, provide first-hand information on the uses of these species in daily life. The ethnobotanical data has revealed that many species of Caesalpinioideae are used for medicinal, nutritional, and cultural purposes. Some species are used in the preparation of herbal remedies for common ailments, while others play a role in local rituals and cultural practices. These findings underline the importance of preserving these plants not only for their ecological value but also for their cultural significance in the region. The integration of taxonomic, micromorphological, conservation, and ethnobotanical data in this study offers a holistic perspective on the Caesalpinioideae of Uttar Pradesh. The findings contribute to the floristic documentation of the region, emphasizing the need for more detailed conservation efforts to protect these valuable plant species. Furthermore, the ethnobotanical documentation underscores the importance of involving local communities in conservation strategies, ensuring the sustainable use of plant resources while preserving traditional knowledge. This study serves as a crucial step in understanding the diversity and significance of Caesalpinioideae in Uttar Pradesh. It provides a foundation for future research on the subfamily and lays the groundwork for conservation initiatives aimed at preserving these species for future generations. The use of SEM-based micromorphological analysis and the integration of ethnobotanical data offer novel insights that can inform conservation planning, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to studying plant biodiversity.
