Title : Assessment of eutrophication and proliferation of water hyacinth in the Godavari river at Nanded district
Abstract:
The Godavari River, known as the “Dakshin Ganga,”is India’s second-largest river and a vital freshwater source for millions of people across multiple states. In the Nanded district of Maharashtra, the river supports a range of essential functions including agriculture, fisheries, domestic water supply, and religious activities. However, increasing urbanization, industrialization, and population growth have significantly compromised the river’s ecological balance. One of the most pressing environmental issues threatening the river’s health is eutrophication, which has led to the excessive proliferation of Eichhornia crassipes (commonly known as water hyacinth), an invasive aquatic plant. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between nutrient pollution and the uncontrolled growth of water hyacinth in the Godavari River at Nanded, and to assess the broader ecological implications of this phenomenon.Water samples were collected from hyacinth-affected sections of the river in month of july using a Composite Grab Sampling method to ensure representative data. The samples were analysed for various physical, chemical, biological, and nutrient parameters. The results indicate that the river is undergoing significant nutrient enrichment, particularly from nitrogen (including nitrate and ammonia) and phosphate. These nutrients, while essential in limited amounts, were found at elevated levels. Findings strongly suggest that the primary drivers of eutrophication in the river are untreated domestic sewage and industrial efluents rich in organic matter and nutrients. The study also recorded other vital parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The unchecked growth of water hyacinth, fuelled by the nutrient-rich environment, has formed thick floating mats that block sunlight penetration, reduce photosynthesis in submerged plants, deplete oxygen levels, and create breeding grounds for disease-carrying insects .The implications of this ecological imbalance are profound. The invasive nature of water hyacinth disrupts navigation and damages fishing gear, leading to economic losses if left unmanaged, the continued spread of Eichhornia crassipes could result in long-term degradation of the riverine ecosystem. This work underscores the need for integrated and sustainable water management strategies. Effective sewage treatment, regulation of discharge, periodic monitoring of water quality, and the adoption of mechanical, biological, or eco-engineering methods for controlling water hyacinth are essential. Equally important is the involvement of local communities and stakeholders in river conservation efforts to ensure lasting impact. Policymakers must priorities ecological restoration alongside development to maintain the health of the Godavari River. In conclusion, this study reveals a strong correlation between nutrientpollution and the rise of eutrophication in the Godavari River at Nanded. It calls for action to curb pollution sources and implement holistic conservation strategies. Protecting this sacred and life-sustaining river is crucial not only for the environment but also for the well-being of those who depend on it.
