Title : Role of Ulmus parvifolia in the urban forests of Southern cities in Kazakhstan
Abstract:
Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as Chinese elm, is emerging as a strategically important species for strengthening the resilience and multifunctionality of urban forests in the southern cities of Kazakhstan, where climatic conditions are characterized by high summer temperatures, low annual precipitation, and increasing anthropogenic pressures. This species demonstrates a unique combination of drought tolerance, adaptability to urban stressors, and stable physiological performance under conditions of soil compaction, elevated air temperatures, and variable moisture regimes. These traits make U. parvifolia a valuable component of green infrastructure aimed at mitigating the negative effects of urbanization.In the context of southern Kazakhstan’s urban ecosystems—such as those of Shymkent, Turkestan, Kyzylorda, Kentau, and Taraz — Ulmus parvifolia contributes significantly to microclimate regulation through effective shading, evapotranspiration, and particulate matter capture. Its dense crown structure and relatively small, long-lived leaves enhance photosynthetic efficiency and prolong the period of active ecological functioning. Moreover, the species exhibits comparatively low susceptibility to dominant regional pests and pathogens, reducing maintenance needs and enhancing long-term canopy stability. This resilience positions U. parvifolia as a strong candidate for diversifying species composition and reducing vulnerability associated with monocultures in municipal plantings. From the perspective of ecosystem services, U. parvifolia supports improvements in air quality, carbon sequestration, and urban biodiversity, while also contributing to aesthetic and recreational values of streetscapes, parks, and institutional landscapes. Its moderate growth rate and structural form make it suitable for use in linear plantings, courtyard greening, shelterbelts, and mixed-species compositions designed to enhance environmental sustainability. Given the growing urgency of climate adaptation strategies in Kazakhstan’s rapidly urbanizing southern regions, the introduction and wider application of Ulmus parvifolia represent a scientifically grounded approach to enhancing the functional stability of urban forests.
